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Where do large-language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT go to source factual information?
In this infographic, we rank the most cited websites by AI, based on a June 2025 analysis of over 150,000 LLM citations. It reveals how heavily chatbots rely on user-generated content, raising questions about the blind spots of today’s top AI tools.
The data for this visualization comes from Semrush. It shows how frequently AI models cite different domains when providing information, as of June 2025.
Reddit leads the list with a citation frequency of 40.1%, followed by Wikipedia at 26.3%. This highlights how often LLMs lean on open-forum discussions and community-maintained content.
These domains offer a wealth of user-generated knowledge, but their open editing nature raises concerns about accuracy and bias. The high reliance signals that AI may amplify whatever narratives are most visible or popularly discussed—even if not always verified.
For example, users have reported that ChatGPT has suggested they purify their water with bleach, or even mix it with vinegar (this creates poisonous chlorine gas).
We summarize three major risks of relying on user-generated content below:
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out How 21 Countries View Artificial Intelligence on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
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An overwhelming majority of Europeans are on social media today. Germans and Italians, however, are more reluctant.
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Social media use across Europe varies sharply by country, creating a clear gap between the continent’s most and least connected populations.
This map shows the share of adults active on social networking sites across Europe, based on 2025 data from Eurostat and Ofcom. Being “active” in this case involves creating a profile, posting messages, sharing, commenting, or otherwise contributing to a social networking site.
While adoption exceeds 80% in several northern countries, it drops to 56% in Italy and 59% in Germany, two of Europe’s largest economies. Overall, the European average sits at 74%, masking these wide differences in usage.
Northern Europe stands out as the region with the highest social media adoption rates.
Denmark leads the continent in social media use (90%), followed closely by Norway (89%). Sweden and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania trail slightly behind in the 70–79% range.
This data table shows social media usage rates across European countries.
Northern Europe’s high usage reflects early and widespread adoption of digital technologies.
Estonia, for example, has earned the moniker “e-Estonia” due to its tech-savvy society and government, while companies ranging from Finland’s Nokia to Sweden’s Spotify rank among Europe’s leading digital success stories.
Even with this reputation, some Scandinavian governments are considering social media bans for children. Denmark, as the continental leader in online activity, is weighing a ban on children’s creation of social media profiles before age 15, or 13–14 with parental consent.
Western Europe has long included some of the continent’s most globalized countries. In 2005, university students in the United Kingdom were the first outside North America to join Facebook. Today, 89% of UK adults are active on social media.
However, beyond the UK, social media activity is more limited than in the Nordics. France counts 71% of its adult population on social networking sites, just ahead of Spain and Portugal (both 70%).
For their part, the Benelux countries show an interesting contrast: 81% of Dutch adults use social media, compared to 67–68% in Belgium and Luxembourg.
Italy has the lowest social media usage rate in Europe, with just 56% of adults active on social networks. This represents a gap of more than 30 percentage points compared to countries like Denmark, Norway, or the UK.
The contrast also appears generational, as over three-quarters of Italian teens self-report being addicted to their phones.
Germany (59%) is the only country near Italy’s low rate of social media usage. German society appears more divided on the benefits and drawbacks of social networking sites, with nearly half of surveyed Germans in 2025 saying they would rather live in a world without social media.
To learn more about this topic, check out the What are Gen Z’s Favorite Social Media Platforms? on Voronoi.
Social media has always depended on young adults. Today, there’s a clear gap between France and the UK versus countries like Italy.
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Social media use among young adults (aged 16–29) in Europe is nearing saturation, with many countries approaching universal adoption.
But two of Europe’s largest economies stand apart.
Data from Eurostat and Ofcom shows a clear gap. While countries in Northern Europe and the Balkans lead, major economies like Germany (84.2%) and Italy (80.3%) lag behind their peers.
In countries like Denmark or Czechia, social media use is close to universal among young adults.
Germany and Italy break from this pattern, highlighting how cultural and structural factors continue to shape digital behavior.
Below is the full ranking of 34 European countries by social media use among young adults:
Cyprus and North Macedonia have the highest rates of young-adult social media use in Europe, followed closely by Czechia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, and the United Kingdom.
In these countries, social media functions as essential infrastructure, used for everything from coordinating study groups to maintaining social circles. Being offline can make young people effectively invisible in networks that increasingly operate online.
While social media use exceeds 90% across much of Europe, Germany and Italy stand apart.
Germany, Europe’s largest economy, has 84.2% of young adults on social media, well below many of its neighbors. Italy is lower still at 80.3%, meaning one in five young adults are not on any social platform, the highest share on the continent.
In Germany, stricter privacy norms shaped by GDPR have contributed to a more cautious approach to online presence. Policymakers are even considering restrictions on youth access, with leaders citing the dangers of online socialization.
In Italy, lower usage may reflect a stronger role for offline social life. Everyday interactions, from evening strolls to time spent in cafes, continue to provide alternatives to digital connection.
High social media use in the Balkans is partly linked to emigration.
Roughly a quarter of Western Balkan citizens, for example, move abroad in search of higher wages and better job opportunities. For families split across different countries or even different continents, social media plays a key role in maintaining communication.
Diaspora has helped social media usage overcome the digital skepticism seen in countries like Germany or Italy.
To learn more about this topic, check out the We’re Spending More Time Watching Videos on Social Media on Voronoi.
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